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С самого начала колядники символизировали умерших, которые ходили за солнцем, а кутья была символом почитания предков. Об этом в эфире Радио Культура рассказала заведующая кафедрой фольклористики института филологии Киевского национального университета им.Т.Шевченко, доцент Олеся Наумовская. Также она рассказала, почему колядники, по традиции, переодеваются, и когда в домах появились новогодние елки.

One of the beliefs leads us to the cult of ancestors, which is prominently featured in Christmas rituals. On "Holy Eve" (Christmas Eve), the evening dinner, consisting, in the Lubensk district, mainly of kuti and uzvar (dried fruit decoction), has a family and, in particular, memorial character: kuti is left for the night for deceased relatives; according to popular belief, vague reflections of small, doll-like people descending to the table can be seen on the wall. The ancient Slavs met the New Year with songs, dances, jokes of the dressed-up people, funny pranks. This cycle of rites received the general name - carols. Caroled in Russia since December 25. They dressed up in leather, put on scary masks, went from house to house, sang songs. It was still dark, on the early New Year's morning, there was a knock on the door or window. The owners already guessed who was knocking and opened the door hospitably. Guests entered the house, scattering bread grains around the house and chanting:

The light that the Sun of Kolyada gives to people every year is the nourishing, all-conquering power of the Creator, which calls from the most ancient times to this hour for the Holy Supper, where the doors are open for everyone, where the tables are set for everyone." (V. Voytovych, Sokil- Reed, 1997) To glorify God the Creator, the people created a huge number of solemn hymns-songs about the creation of the world, honoring the Sun, the Moon, the Goddess Dana and their human descendants - carols and hymns. Let's note that carols are almost never baked, and Christmas cakes are never baked during the day - they celebrate the Feast of Christmas Eve, the Moon and the Stars. This is a holiday of faith in the Light, so that people live better, so that the earth gives birth better than last year, so that the future children and grandchildren of the Family live more cheerfully.